Microfluidics is a rapidly advancing field of research in reproductive medicine that has shown promise in improving the efficiency and accuracy of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Microfluidic platforms have been developed for oocyte and sperm selection and maintenance, facilitation of fertilization by in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and monitoring, selection, and maintenance of resulting embryos. Microfluidic systems have the potential to revolutionize both fundamental reproductive physiology/toxicology research as well as clinically applicable ART.