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Why do miscarriages happen?

What causes miscarriages?

Miscarriages, can occur for a variety of reasons, and in many cases, the exact cause remains unknown. However, here are some common factors that can contribute to miscarriages:
  • Chromosomal Abnormalities:
The most common cause of miscarriages is chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo or fetus. These abnormalities can occur randomly during fertilization or early cell division, leading to developmental issues incompatible with life.
  • Maternal Age:
Advanced maternal age, typically defined as 35 and older, is associated with a higher risk of miscarriage. This is primarily due to the increased likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities in eggs as women age.
  • Hormonal Imbalances:
Hormonal imbalances, including disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders, can affect ovulation, implantation, and the maintenance of pregnancy, increasing the risk of miscarriage.
  • Infections:
Certain infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs), can increase the risk of miscarriage if contracted during pregnancy.
  • Chronic Health Conditions:
Chronic health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune disorders, and blood clotting disorders can increase the risk of miscarriage if not properly managed during pregnancy.
  • Lifestyle Factors:
Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drug use, obesity, and exposure to environmental toxins can increase the risk of miscarriage by affecting fertility, hormone levels, and the health of the embryo.
  • Maternal Trauma or Injury:
Trauma or injury to the mother, such as car accidents, falls, or physical abuse, can sometimes lead to miscarriage, particularly in the first trimester.

How to prevent miscarriages:

While some risk factors for miscarriage are beyond your control, there are steps you can take to potentially reduce the risk of experiencing a miscarriage:
  • Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle:
Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Avoid smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and illicit drugs. 
  • Manage Chronic Health Conditions:
If you have chronic health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, thyroid disorders, or autoimmune diseases, work closely with your healthcare provider to manage these conditions effectively before and during pregnancy.
  • Take Prenatal Vitamins:
Start taking prenatal vitamins containing folic acid at least one month before trying to conceive. Folic acid can help prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus.
  • Avoid Environmental Toxins:
Minimize exposure to harmful chemicals, pollutants, and environmental toxins. 
  • Practice Safe Sex:
Protect yourself against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by practicing safe sex. 
  • Limit Caffeine Intake:
While moderate caffeine consumption is generally considered safe during pregnancy, excessive caffeine intake has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage. 
  • Avoid Certain Foods:
Certain foods can pose a risk to pregnancy due to the risk of foodborne illnesses. 
  • Manage Stress:
Chronic stress can impact reproductive health and increase the risk of miscarriage. 
  • Attend Prenatal Check-ups:
Attend regular prenatal check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your pregnancy and address any concerns promptly.

How common are miscarriages?

Miscarriages are relatively common, particularly in early pregnancy. It’s estimated that about 10% to 20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage, although the actual rate may be higher since many miscarriages occur before a woman even realizes she is pregnant.
The risk of miscarriage varies depending on factors such as maternal age, overall health, and previous pregnancy history. For example, the risk of miscarriage tends to increase with maternal age, with older women being at higher risk compared to younger women. Additionally, women who have experienced previous miscarriages may have a slightly higher risk of subsequent miscarriages.
Eva IVF & Women’s Centre helps Couple who face miscarriage, by personalized treatment options.